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A small satellite, often referred to as a small sat, is a type of spacecraft that is significantly smaller and lighter than traditional satellites. Typically weighing between a few kilograms to around 500 kilograms, small satellites are designed for a variety of purposes, including Earth observation, scientific research, telecommunications, and technology demonstrations.

Small satellites are often more cost-effective to build and launch, allowing for rapid development and deployment. They can be launched individually or in groups (ridesharing) on larger rockets. Advances in miniaturization and technology have enabled small satellites to carry sophisticated instruments, making them capable of performing complex missions.

Common types of small satellites include CubeSats, which are standardized units measuring 10x10x10 cm, and nanosatellites, which are slightly larger but still within the small satellite category. Their versatility and lower costs have made them increasingly popular in recent years for both commercial and educational purposes.

However, small satellites face challenges such as limited power and resources, shorter operational lifespans, and increasing complexity in managing radio frequency interference due to the growing number of satellites in orbit. Looking ahead, trends such as swarm technology—where multiple small satellites work collaboratively—and increasing commercialization through private investments are expected to further enhance their capabilities and applications, making small satellites a transformative force in the space sector.